Other Tissue
Endomysial antibody staining
Pemphigus antibody staining
Pemphigoid antibody staining
GBM antibody staining
Although the most commonly used substrates for detection of autoantibodies on tissue sections are rodent tissue, it can be argued that these are not ideal for diagnostic purposes. Some clinically significant autoantibodies bind poorly to rodent antigens, and conversely, heterophile antibodies bind to rodent tissues but are not clinically relevant.
Human tissues are ideal in terms of target antigen structure, although fresh tissues are difficult to obtain. Of greater importance is the presence of human immunoglobulins located in the vascular and extravascular compartments in the tissues. Conjugated second antibodies bind to the endogenous immunoglobulins in addition to the patient's autoantibody, leading to high background fluorescence and a reduction in sensitivity of the assays.
Other tissues are available which, when used in conjunction with appropriately purified and adsorbed antibody-Fluorescein conjugates, are ideal for detection of:
- Endomysial antibody (EMA)
- Skin antibodies
- Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) antibodies
Reduce non-specific staining
The use of non-rodent tissue may lead to high non-specific staining. This is easily addressed by the use of species specific conjugates which bind only to human immunoglobulin, for example in the detection of skin antibodies.
Comparison of non-species specific (left) and species-specific, anti-human IgG-Fluorescein (right) second antibodies.
Atlas of Tissue Autoantibodies Third Edition
R.G. Hughes, M.J. Surmacz, A.R. Karim, A.R. Bradwell
Atlas of Tissue Autoantibodies Third Edition
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